| Formula type | How it works | Strengths | Trade-offs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Micellar | Mild surfactants form micelles in water that lift oil and pigment | Light, no oily after-feel, suits daily makeup | May need more passes on waterproof products |
| Oil / emollient-based | Oils or emollient esters dissolve long-wear and waterproof makeup | Strong on mascara and long-wear foundation | Can leave a film; check eye comfort and lint |
| 2-in-1 cleanse and care | Micellar or mild cleansing base plus skincare ingredients | Supports “cleanse and refresh” positioning | Every added benefit becomes a claim to substantiate |
Pick the formula from the use case. A brand selling to gym-goers and travellers often prioritises a quick, light micellar wipe; a brand built on full-glam makeup needs oil-based performance. Bring the benchmark product you want to beat to the sampling stage.